Stereotypes and Racial bias in Social Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2161 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? Much of the world has become a different reality for most individuals. Being marginalized, targeted, or socially put down is something that happens almost every day in media. The reality we live in is constantly changing and learning from its diverse people, so why hasnt media learned thus far? Stereotypes and racial bias can often have negative or positive impacts depending on the individual. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stereotypes and Racial bias in Social Media" essay for you Create order Both of these terms are often used together and simultaneously when dealing with certain situations. We can see many stereotypes and racial bias of Hispanics, Blacks, Asians, Armenians and many more if we analyze through American history. However, the stereotypes that we created subconsciously just to fill in the blanks about the information we are lack of, lead unjust racial discrimination. According to these stereotypes, all Irish people seem easily angered, all White people seem sort of racists, and all African Americans seem lazy, violent or trying to cheat the system. In creating these stereotypes, the media has played a crucial role in creating and distributing this information across many platforms. Not just television, but media has played a role in the way in which the audience perceives and understands these two terms. The media enhances and projects many inaccurate stereotypes and racial biases about various races and or groups of people relating to culture, religious back grounds and racial differences. LITERATURE REVIEW: Stereotypes and Racial Bias in Media For much of American history, the United States media focuses on specific races and negatively represents them. In particular, African Americans, are mostly reflected as being less intelligent, ghetto and more aggressive than the Caucasian citizens when we go through American history. In the book called Cognitive Process in stereotyping and Intergroup behavior by David Hamilton ( 1981), he states that intergroup behavior is a reason behind these judgements. Hamilton (1981) describes intergroup as any perception or behavior that is influenced by societys members of distinct social groups. The world has begun to build up mostly false ideas and interpretations of people which are called stereotypes (Hamilton 1981). With many ways to communicate these implicit thoughts such as: television, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and many more, it makes it hard to stop or take control of these harmful slurs and or phrases. Many users of these types of media, dont realize that they are subconsciously taking part in justifying and making generalizations about others. With the many stereotypes and racial bias surrounding citizens daily, its unsure how some might react to hearing or seeing negative comments towards ones ethnicity, origin or etc. According to Racial Bias, Unspoken but Heard by Dovidio (2009), an individuals implicit prejudice, ingroup racial identity, and current state of intergroup relations can increase his/her sensitivity to nonverbal cues of bias which can be displayed on televisions across the nation. Most viewers are unconsciously enjoying the negativity placed on certain ethnicities and origins. Our source of entertainment focuses on how media plays a role facilitating and inhibiting stereotypes via tv race related news stories, commercials, movies etc (Dovidio 2009). For quite some time now, besides media, television has also portrayed many negative images of groups of people. Television often can mold the mind of many viewers and create tension between certain groups. Often, characters that are illustrated in these tv programs are created by the writers with images and perceptions that go a long way with how they view certain minorities. For instance, the show Everybody Hates Chris is a perfect example about how a family is shaped to fit the stereotypical family who lives in New York. The family lives paycheck to paycheck, the lie or steal to make their profits at times and or use coupons at grocery stores because theyre seen as cheap or poor. The neighborhood is portrayed as being dirty and ghetto and many characters preform illegal acts to make a living and act like the stigma that many people believe already. From an academic journal I debriefed named Media-based Strategies to Reduce Racial Stereotypes Activated by News Stories, written by S rividya Ramasubramanian (2007), she states that most networks are aware of the insensitivity and do little to stop it and or make any changes. For most people, they see television as a way of understanding society and also providing what are good or bad behaviors for the most part. By allowing continuous racially insensitive media to be portrayed, it actively instills their bias perceptions furthermore. In another article titled, Everyday connections between online and offline: Imagining others and constructing community through local online initiatives by C. Hine and A. Rufas, they describe how when media is positively portrayed, people will absorb and take in the information at a faster rate. When information being provided is accurate and presents a good face, then consumers tend to focus on the good and have a better chance at spreading the knowledge while also being socially competent ( Hine Rufas 2002). As a society, people need to focus on talking about people in a uplift ing format and instill this for generations to come so they can learn at an early age how to accept one another. Stereotypes and Racial Biass Negative Effects Stereotypes and racial bias often can cause damage to not only the people but a society. People are often mislead by what is going on around them and are lead to believe the worse. When negativity is repeated and engrained in the mind, its hard to take reverse or take away the initial thought. In an academic journal I read that is titled The Environmental context of Racial Profiling by P.Warren and A. Farrell (2009), the authors give background knowledge saying that back in the 1990s is when racial generalizations and discriminations came to the for front especially between citizens and police. These attitudes transpire, and start to reflect images that incorrect of certain groups, religious affiliations and ethnicities and can teach the wrong message to our youth. Based off prior knowledge that can be acquired from a class that I took at Cal Stat La named the Gender Welfare Queen in the Pan African Studies department, blacks and latinos have the highest stereotypical rate. Which me ans, many young children and growing teens will project these negative prejudices and or form their implicit bias. We see many things today that can cause individuals to feel like an outsider or many causes where negativity can lead to violence. When people feel as if they are a target, they may react in ways that dont seem relevant to their behavior or the person they are. Many hate crimes arise and transpire into killings, fights, or people fearing their lives. In the academic journal titled, Traditional versus Social Values as Antecedents of Racial Stereotyping and Policy Conservatism by J. Hurwitz and M. Peffley (1992), they focus on how racial attitudes are rooted from the beginning of America, especially in the beginning of slavery. They found that social values-conformity and social intolerance-are much stronger predictors of racial stereotypes and racial policy attitudes then traditional values of individualism and equalitarianism ( Hurwitz Peffley 1992). This translates into people find it hard to accept other cultures and races beliefs or values, so they project false perceptions to make it easier on ones mind to understand what is taking place. It can thank sprinkle down into our government system where we can witness certain groups or ethnicities being treated unfairly and facing the consequences of it. When people like our law enforcement also believe in the stereotypes and racial bias that is being projected onto society, it can trigger or enhance their decisions to make the arrest, shoot, or detain the individual in aggressive ways. Stereotypes and Racial Bias within finding an Identity Finding an identity or being able to understand oneself is an important aspect to growing but also life. As humans, there are many identities and social categories that are a part of a persons becoming that will affect the ways in which they view themselves. For instance in the texted named, Power effects on implicit prejudice and stereotyping: The role of intergroup face processing by P.C Schmid and D. M. Amodio ( 2017), they elaborate on how power can filtrate and or change a person and how they represent themselves. When somebody obtains power or feels like they are empowered, they will reflect their ideas and perceptions onto others which can be negative and positive ( Schmid Amodio 2017). Too much power can shield who they really are and fall into a false reality. Not limited to just this, one can persuade others to feel the same way and reduce their self-esteem drastically because they want to feel a part of the ingroup. Trying to maintain the status of a particular group or culture can hinder ones purpose in life and result in feeling loss or hopeless at times. Many of the stereotypes and or racial bias that has been carried throughout history can create confusion and misunderstanding for the youth. Instead of engaging in a self-learning process that can allow them to freely think and make assumptions on their own, we are feeding them negativity that can backlash and hinder their future self. Instead of questioning the validity of these stereotypes and implicit biases, we teach the young to accept and find a way to live past the generalizations. Accepting false images as the truth is ignorant and society as a whole is responsible for allowing certain groups and people to feel as if they are a target and or are unwanted by the world. When a person has a strong and healthy identity, it can allow them to seek lifelong goals and feel happy internally with what is to come. Since blacks are the most targeted and typically are stereotyped the most, its hard to reverse the initial prejudice and to overcome such deficits. In an article written by D.Gibson (2018) named, When Empathy is Not Enough: a Reflection on the Self-Experience of Black Boys in Public Spaces, the author elaborates on a project that took place in Chicago dealing with the social identities of young black boys and their voices within their communities. These boys were examined and asked questions about life, how they are treated, what is expected out of their life and how they feel being black in a community that can be filled with violence at times. One of the boys states in the article that sometimes he wished he wasnt black therefore he could have more opportunities and feel like he will be successful (Gibson pg. 620). He also states how he has hea rd so many negative things about his culture that he feels unwanted by not just his community but the world and how he isnt sure if speaking up will fix or damage the situation more ( Gibson pg. 614). The way these black boys view themselves at this moment, only sets them up for failure and or to be a statistic of the system. Their identity is being set up to believe they either going to be criminals, drug dealers, or at the mercy of the government for aid assistance. By grouping people or making generalizations about them, ultimately is taking away their individual characteristics and causing distress that will prevent them from realizing the truth. Pressuring many to conform to these stereotypes or to accept them, builds boundaries and creates anger within people and can steer them down a wrong path. There is no such thing as being normal and or the perfect person, but stereotyping and being racially biased will drive many insane to the point of feeling accepted and doing outrag eous things to prove they are better than what society is giving them credit for. RESEARCH QUESTION: How does social media portray stereotypes and racial bias to the public? PROPOSED METHODS: Going into my study further, I would analyze content from other journals, documents, interviews, and literature on databases and other platforms to gather my answer. I feel as if conducting interviews with random people with questions pertaining on how they think society views them, would allow myself to dig deeper and help identify the different ways in which social media is portraying these stereotypes and racial biases. It is important to gather information and answers from all perspectives and point views because typically no answer would be right or wrong. I would ask questions along the lines of: Have you ever felt victim of a stereotype? Do stereotypes or racial bias negatively or positively influence your use of social media? Are you aware that you view discriminatory media almost every minute of every day? How do you respond to inaccurate generalizations about people and or do you fall guilty or creating false perceptions yourself? I want to find a connection between how p eople really view their content media vs how they mask what they feel behind these negative stereotypes or implicit biases. Not only this, watching videos from scholars or people who have been victim to such negativity will show that it is relevant and still effecting others around us.

Romeo Juliet - Parental Relationships - 1889 Words

Shakespeare: Romeo amp; Juliet Parental Relationships – Sample Essay 1 Explore the way Shakespeare presents Juliet’s changing relationship with her parents to the audience during the course of the play. Juliet’s relationship with her parents changes during the course of the play, she is shy, obedient and behaves in a way that is typical of a wealthy daughter of the time. By the end of the play she is disobedient and becomes very independent. The storyline of the play is about A young boy and girl that fall in love at first sight their families are enemies, they marry in secret and they all end up dead. Women of this time were a lower class to men and all men owned their wives and children and to see a women even speak without a males†¦show more content†¦This shows Juliet has changed from being very innocent and obedient to very disobedient. After the ball Romeo climbs up to Juliet’s balcony and sees her talking to herself about him and calling his name. he shows himself to her, this is her second stage of her disobedience, she talks to Romeo again they kiss and exchange quick words, she always keeps an eye out for her parents because if she gets caught talking to Romeo they will neglect her, she knows what she is doing is wrong done to her parents but she thinks this is love so she goes ahead with it. The audience of this time of when the play was written and preformed, would be in great shock, because Juliet has gone against her parents, and not just kissing him but then meeting him on the balcony of her room. The audience would be shocked at a young girl with her status to be doing this. The next day, the nurse knows all about Romeo and Juliet goes to the friar to organise a marriage between Juliet and Romeo. He agrees with the marriage, then they marry several days later without parents consent. At this time it was the done thing for arranged marriages to be organised by parents, and they also pick their daughters husband. Juliet goes completely against her parents and does it herself several people disobey the Capulet family by either organising or being part of this unarranged marriage which are friar Lawrence, Romeo,Show MoreRelatedParental Relationships In Romeo And Juliet1329 Words   |  6 Pagesreading has been around, it has been used to educate. Romeo and Juliet has been around for what seems as long as literature itself, and is still used to teach today.Written in the 1590’s, the tragic story of Romeo and Juliet is about the untimely death of two star crossed lovers, despite their feuding families. 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One topic of my paperRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1243 Words   |  5 PagesShould one of Shakespeare s most famous plays, Romeo, and Juliet, be removed from the freshman English curriculum? Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare and is a tragic play about two star-crossed lovers. Romeo and Juliet, the two main character, deny their family’s feud and choose to fall in love, but the choices they let others and themselves make lead to their untimely death. The classic play was written in mostly sonnets, a form of poetry and contains most of the English literatureRead MoreThe Role of Parents in Shaping a Child ´s Future Essay examples1239 Words   |  5 Pages This paper will examine the idea of nature vs. nurture and relationships between parents and children in the play Romeo and Juliet and the modern world. I decided upon researching this topic because I find it fascinating that both personality characteristics and social and ideological beliefs are passed from parent to children, whether genetically, or simply the manner in which the child is raised. Those traits (and current parental influence) then determine who the child is, will be, and whatRead MoreTheme Of Values In Romeo And Juliet1071 Words   |  5 Pagesoverview of a few of them can be found in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. From the beginning to the end of this play, 7 main events occur that tie the story together. There is a feud, Romeo and Juliet fall in love, they marry, Romeo is banished, Juliet is engaged to Paris, Friar Laurences plan fails, and both Romeo and Juliet die. Throughout this sequence of events, Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet transcends time by addressing the issues of parental styles, honesty, and love, themes that modern-day teenagers

Library Management System free essay sample

This project is developed in Java, which mainly focuses on basic operations in a library like adding new member, new books, and updating new information, searching books and members and facility to borrow and return books. â€Å"Library Management System† is a Windows application written for 64-bit Windows Operating System, designed to help users maintain and organize library. This software is easy to use for both beginners and advanced users. It features a familiar and well thought-out, an attractive and easy to use user interface, combined with strong searching, insertion and deletion capabilities. Users can get to know where the book is placed in library, if book is available or not. He/She can get to know fine due on her by just supplying his/her userID. There are many more similar and simple (but of high need) modules in the software. The software Library Management System has following main modules: * Change of Password * Adding New Member/Adding New Book * Removing A Member/Removing A Book * Issue New Book * Return A book * Reserve A book * Search A User/Book INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT Technologies Used are: 1. It is extremely useful in the school to use that automated system. Objectives of the Study General Objective: the general objective of this study is to design and develop a library system that will serve as a proposal to help librarians save time with the automation of its daily operation. Specific Objectives: * To computerize records keeping of books; * To allow librarians to retrieve complete information of the book and its borrowers Hypothesis of the Study The proposed library system will greatly improve the efficiency of the school library. This study has the following hypothesis: The profiles of the respondents taken are their names, student number, year and section, and title and author of the book borrowed. The manual system is very time consuming, inconvenient when it comes to recording, organizing and retrieving borrower’s record in the log book. The proposed system is the best solution to go away with the old method of data keeping such as log books, folders and file cabinets, which do not allow easy retrieval. Not only the records are more accurate, the library can also accommodate more borrowers than before. Statement of the Problem Specifically, this study aims to answer the following: 1. What are the profiles of the respondents in terms off; 2. 1. Names 2. 2. Year and section 2. 3. Title and author of the book borrowed 2. What are the common problems encountered with the existing manual system of managing library? 3. What are the difference between the manual system and the proposed system? Assumptions The proposed system deals with the management of data taken from the library management such as the log book of the library. Reports that generated by the proposed system are limited to predefined reports to be provided by the user such as their manual way of managing the library, while no ad-hoc reports will be provided. On security, the proposed system allows access to unauthorized users. It can only be operated if the user provides user name and password which is already validated by the database administrator of the system to be assigned by authorized personnel. Students, however, may borrow books without opening restricted files. Significance of the Study Socio-economic Significance In this study, the proposed system will inspire other students to develop an effective and efficient system. Technological Significance The proposed system will introduce technology to the school libraries that are until now adapting manual method. The result of this study is beneficial to the following: * Library. The proposed system will simplify and automate everyday task can help maximize time spent with the borrowers thereby providing better service making it more profitable. * Librarian. The proposed system will make it easier for the librarian to manage the library and convenient when it comes to retrieving book record. * Students. The proposed system will make it easier for the students to borrow books and to lessen their time in borrowing. * Researcher. The researcher will develop their writing, analysis, and interpretation skills needed to make a good thesis. * Future researcher. This will benefit other researchers who wish to have similar studies as they can get background information from the result of this study which will serve as template to modify their research.

Moral Intensity of Ford Pinto Case Essay Example

Moral Intensity of Ford Pinto Case Essay Moral Intensity of Ford Pinto Case Magnitude of the Consequences From the perspective of senior managers who made the decision, the magnitude of consequences introducing the Ford Pinto to the market is small. To support this point of view, Ford vice President firstly cited several statistical evidences. In 1975, only 12 of 848 deaths, which associated with passenger-car accidents in which fires also occurred, involved occupants of Pintos. And in 1976, the number of occupant fatalities in fire-associated passenger-car accidents in which Pintos were involved was 11 out of 942. According to these data, Pintos’ involvement rate in fire-associated fatality reports was only 1. 17 percent, which means if one hundred car accidents happened in one year only one of them might involve Pintos. And based on the calculation of societal cost components for fatalities, per fatality is two hundred thousand dollars which is a tiny number of costs for Ford to afford comparing to re-designing the tooling system and delay the instruction. What’s more, even though several people might be hurt by the introduction of Pinto, millions more consumers will benefit from the fuel effective and low cost products and thousands of workers in US will get jobs. Therefore, the magnitude of consequences to launch Pinto is small, and the total benefits are much more than the sum of the harms done to victims. Social Consensus The high class manager thought the degree of social agreement on their proposed act should be good. First, Ford Pinto is a fuel and cost effective vehicle, which saves lots of money of consumers in US. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Intensity of Ford Pinto Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Intensity of Ford Pinto Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Intensity of Ford Pinto Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also the fast introduction help the brand capture the new market and protect Ford’s traditional status in US, as well as provide more works and contribute to the US GDP growth. Second, at that time most people believe that car accidents should be more ascribed to the driver and high way condition, so Ford can emphasis this and distract the social consensus from the vehicles. Third, Ford’s response to accidents could become a key role to orient public consensus to their act. These responses included position to Federal safety standard and excuses to fail to pass rear-impact test. According to Mr. Misch, Ford recommended an early adoption of a Federal fuel-integrity standard incorporating. What Ford did oppose was certain excessive testing requirements involving 20 or 30-mile-per-hour rear crashes into a massive which is viewed as imposing wastefully expensive costs. Though early Pinto models did not pass rear-impact tests at 20 mph, some of them were used to learn the future requirement on rear-impact and tests in 1974 were through struck by a vehicle weighing more than 3900 pounds that the fuel tank was crushed by the impact forces that demolished the car. And in every model year the Pinto had been tested and met the Federal fuel-system-integrity standard. To sum up, Ford’s managers thought that since all Ford’s acts were following the standard, producing better products and provide more jobs for the society, the social consensus should of course agree that Ford’s act is nothing but good. Probability of Effect From the view of Ford’s top manager, the probability associated with Pintos’ fire fatality is relatively low, and the probability that launching Pintos would cause harm to the company will be even lower. Each year in 1975 and 1976, only 11 to 12 accidents involves Pintos among 900 car accidents. In 1796, while Pintos accounted for about 2 percent of all cars in operation, their involvement rate in fire-associated fatality reports was only 1. 17 percent. Additionally, the probability of gaining a profit is high in contrast to loss according to cost-benefit analysis. After weighing pros and cons, Ford launched Pinto anyhow. Temporal Immediacy Temporal immediacy refers to the length of time from making a decision to experiencing the consequence of the decision. As in Ford Pinto case, the Ford Company has tried to lobby against a key government safety standard for years which would have forced the company to change the Pinto’s fire prone gas tank. They did that in the hope of avoiding great temporal immediacy because they’ve already know Pinto’s safety problem. Postponement of the government’s regulation means that they could have longer time period to sell the risky model hence gain more profit. Plus, they would have more time and a relieved environment to deal with accuse against them. As long as they didn’t violate the regulations, they could ascribe the accidents to drivers and the high way situation. Proximity The Ford managers were aware that the hasty launching of Pinto would generate much more accidents than launching it after a series of tests and compensating measures. However, they held the view that the sale of risky Pinto was more profitable for them than just paused and fixed all safety problems. Therefore, they were inclined to put lucrativeness at the first place instead of social benefits. To justify their behaviors they took the advantage of regulation imperfection while lobbied against advanced regulation at the same time, insisting that â€Å"safety don’t sell†. Concentration of Effect In Ford Pinto case, the larger the amount of victims was, the less concentrated the effect was. Based on this Ford would rather risk more people’s lives by reducing the concentration of effect. From what Ford did it could observed that they had realized the potential of being accused. However, they still rushed Pinto into production so as to scatter the effect because they were ready to defend themselves by blaming drivers and high ways. Conclusion When confronted with the six factors of moral intensity, what Ford’s managers did was justifying themselves against factors that are adverse while making use of favorable sides. Clearly their behaviors were not ethical. If we were Ford managers back then, we would insisted that social value should surpass economic benefits no matter how much money we were about to lose. Pinto should be launched only when the risks had been fixed. Recall should be generated for the already sold faulty cars. Moreover, the company should advocate legislation perfection instead of lobby against them.

Free Essays on Drivers Ed

Book Report Driver’s Ed by Caroline B. Cooney. This story is about con and facing the consequences for your actions. This book involves the relation ship between 3 friends named Remy Maryland, Morgan Campbell and Nicky Budie. These friends steal signs from this street called cherry road. Nicky stole a â€Å"STOP† sign because she wanted one for her door. About two weeks after a women named Denise Thompson, a mother of a 2 year old boy named Bobby was hit by a garbage truck and died because there was no stop sign. The structure of this story was horizontal. The major events in this story led up to the climax. When these friends got together and stole signs of cherry road they caused the death of an innocent women. These friends now have to learn to face the consequences. An important conflict in this story was man vs. con that these three friends that did something really bad. They were the reason why an innocent woman was killed. They don’t know whether to tell anybody about there secrete or just keep it their secrete. They know if they keep this as a secrete this will haunt them for the rest of their life. Another important conflict in this story was man vs. society. The death of Denise Thompson caused Morgan and Remy to face up to their actions. They both told their parents and driver’s ed teacher. Their drivers ed teacher feels bad for his self because he thinks he failed as a driver’s ed teacher. He thinks his class as a life or death course because in other courses such as English you can pass without the risk of death. The other important conflict in this story was man vs. man. Remy and Morgan both decide to tell Mr. Thompson. They know that he will be hart broken but, they will fell guilty if they don’t tell him. As they both go to the door to explain what happen they start to cry because they see two stocking... Free Essays on Drivers Ed Free Essays on Drivers Ed Book Report Driver’s Ed by Caroline B. Cooney. This story is about con and facing the consequences for your actions. This book involves the relation ship between 3 friends named Remy Maryland, Morgan Campbell and Nicky Budie. These friends steal signs from this street called cherry road. Nicky stole a â€Å"STOP† sign because she wanted one for her door. About two weeks after a women named Denise Thompson, a mother of a 2 year old boy named Bobby was hit by a garbage truck and died because there was no stop sign. The structure of this story was horizontal. The major events in this story led up to the climax. When these friends got together and stole signs of cherry road they caused the death of an innocent women. These friends now have to learn to face the consequences. An important conflict in this story was man vs. con that these three friends that did something really bad. They were the reason why an innocent woman was killed. They don’t know whether to tell anybody about there secrete or just keep it their secrete. They know if they keep this as a secrete this will haunt them for the rest of their life. Another important conflict in this story was man vs. society. The death of Denise Thompson caused Morgan and Remy to face up to their actions. They both told their parents and driver’s ed teacher. Their drivers ed teacher feels bad for his self because he thinks he failed as a driver’s ed teacher. He thinks his class as a life or death course because in other courses such as English you can pass without the risk of death. The other important conflict in this story was man vs. man. Remy and Morgan both decide to tell Mr. Thompson. They know that he will be hart broken but, they will fell guilty if they don’t tell him. As they both go to the door to explain what happen they start to cry because they see two stocking...

25 Synonyms for Beginner

25 Synonyms for Beginner 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Beginner† 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Beginner† By Mark Nichol There are a lot of terms used to identify a beginner many of them condescending or derogatory, so pay attention to connotation before employing any of these synonyms: 1. Abecedarian (from the Latin term abecedarius, â€Å"of the alphabet,† coined from linking the first four letters of the alphabet with vowels to form a pronounceable word): One in the early stages of learning. 2. Amateur (from the Latin term amator, â€Å"lover†): Someone who engages in an area of skill or expertise without remuneration, or, derogatorily, a person without experience or ability. 3. Apprentice (from the Latin term apprendere, â€Å"to learn†): One in the midst of hands-on training; originally denoting someone bound by a contract to train with a craftsperson, but now employed simply to refer to someone inexperienced. The term is used in a naval enlisted rank (â€Å"seaman apprentice†) and for the lowest level in Freemasonry (â€Å"entered apprentice†). 4. Babe (from the Middle English word coined in imitation of baby talk): An inexperienced person, with a condescending connotation of naivete. 5. Boot (from Anglo-French bote, â€Å"boot†): A US Navy or US Marine Corps recruit, perhaps from â€Å"boot camp†). Condescending. 6. Colt (from the Old English term for a young horse): A young, inexperienced person. Condescending. 7. Cub (from the word for a young animal): A young, inexperienced person, as in the expression â€Å"cub reporter,† referring to a new journalist. Condescending. 8. Fledgling (ultimately from Old English fleogan, â€Å"to fly†): Originally, use was confined to the literal meaning of â€Å"a young bird just learning to fly†; now, it is also a rare informal, condescending term for a young, inexperienced person (and is used to refer to a new enterprise). 9. Freshman (derived from fresh, as in â€Å"new to a situation,† and man): Originally referred only to a first-year student; now also denotes a politician or an athlete at the beginning of their career. 10. Greenhorn (from an obsolete English word referring to the new horns of a young horned mammal): Refers not only to a naive, inexperienced person but also to someone unfamiliar with customs or procedures. Condescending. 11. Layperson (from the Latin term laikos, â€Å"of the people†): A non-gender-specific variation of layman, originally denoting someone who is not a member of the clergy but now a general reference to someone who is not part of a particular profession or does not have expertise in a given subject matter. 12. Neophyte (from the Latin term neophytus, â€Å"newly planted† or â€Å"newly converted,† from the Greek word neophytos): A beginner or a convert. Mildly condescending. 13. Newbie (a diminutive noun derived from new): A person new to a place or situation, especially one unfamiliar with the conventions and etiquette of online interaction; a newer diminutive of this slang term is noob (or n00b, using zeros instead of the letter o, a variation often used in online conversation). Condescending or even derogatory. 14. Newcomer (a compound noun formed from new and come): Originally, one newly arrived to a location, but now a beginner in general. 15. Novice (from the Latin term novicius, â€Å"newly imported†): Originally, a probationary member of a religious organization, now generally someone with rudimentary skills. Depending on context, can be condescending. 16. Novitiate (see novice, above): A variation of novice, as well as a word for the condition of being a clerical novice, or the name of their residence. 17. Proselyte (from the Latin term proselytus, â€Å"foreign resident,† derived from the Greek word proselytos): A recent convert. 18. Probationer (from the Latin term probare, â€Å"approve†): Someone in the process of learning. 19. Punk (origin obscure): A young, inexperienced person, though it also has connotations pertaining to punk subculture and to sexuality. Derogatory. 20. Recruit (from the French term recrute, derived from recroistere, â€Å"to grow up again†): A newcomer; often used in a military or similar context. The term is used in the lowest naval enlisted rank (â€Å"seaman recruit†). Depending on context, can be condescending. 21. Rookie (uncertain; perhaps derived from recruit): One in his or her first year or years of experience, originally in the context of professional sports but now general in usage. (The back-formation rook is rare.) Depending on context, can be condescending. 22. Tenderfoot (a combination of tender and foot): Originally, someone new to a frontier area, unused to hardship; in the modern sense, a beginner. Condescending. 23. Trainee (from the Latin term traginare, â€Å"to draw† or â€Å"to train†): One learning a job or skill. 24. Tyro (from the Latin term tiro, â€Å"young soldier†): An inexperienced person. 25. Virgin (from the Latin term virgo, â€Å"young woman, virgin†): Originally a specific reference to a female with no sexual experience, now used lightheartedly to refer to someone new to a situation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Nursing Research Critique Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Critique - Research Paper Example Specifically, this study narrows its focus on the hospitals in Sweden. The choice of the facility is important because it contains standard features that could make findings to be generalized within a global context. Critically, it is to be expected that the results of the study would be consistent and applicable to different places and situations. The emphasis of the study was to describe the real conditions as they occur at the work place during these shifts in order to expand the understanding of the issues and challenges that relate to the matter of RNs and ENs who work during the night shift. A critical review of the association between the facts presented in the problem statement and the objective of the paper reveals a seamless continuum of logic. Critical Analysis of the Study Purpose Inferences from the abstract and the preliminary facts about the study shows clearly that this study sought to describe the night work experiences of the Registered Nurses (RNs) and the Enrolled Nurses (ENs) from perspective of the nature of the work and the kind of organization and challenges that relate to the task (Nilson, Campbell & Anderson, 2008). ... In fact the study points out some assumptions that consider night duties as continuations of the kind of work arranged by the nurses who work during the day. Ideally, the study purpose captures the need to explore deeper into the essence of night duty in terms of its uniqueness and autonomy. It might be important to consider the purpose of this study in light of the structural factors that define the roles of the nurses during night duty. Critical Analysis of the Literature Review The kind of literature explored in this study explores a comprehensive wealth of information that provides resourceful details on the various matters that touch on the night duty experience, the relationship between the RNs and the ENs, and unique challenges that relate to working during the night shift. The literature also covers matters of professionalism with specific reference to the Swedish experience. For instance, this literature provides details on the kind of working relationship that takes place b etween the enrolled nurses and the registered nurses (Nilson, Campbell & Anderson, 2008). It might be argued that literature on the matters that affect the relationship between the registered nurses and enrolled nurses is meant to highlight some of the specific factors that lead to misconceptions about the manifestation of this working relationship within the context of night duty. Some of the factors explored in the literature play the role of expanding the subject matter into other relevant discourses that engage the question of working environment during the night hours. One of the most important issues that the literature seemed to lay significant focus on is the problematic distinction between the

Prominent learning theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prominent learning theories - Assignment Example Operant conditioning falls in the category of behavioral learning theories. Another theorist named Jerome Bruner came up with his own theory of learning which is recognized as discovery learning theory and this theory falls in the category of cognitive learning theory. In this theory he stated that learning takes place when an individual comes in contact with a particular stimuli, he forms a perception regarding that stimuli and then acts according to the formed perception (Leonard, 2002, p.97). The perception they develop regarding a stimuli is dependent upon the learner’s environment. A third category of learning theory is humanistic approach of learning and one of the most famous theories of this approach is Experiential Learning theory provided by Carl Rogers (Leonard, 2002, p.68). He stated that there are two kinds of learning taking place one is cognitive which is meaningless in nature and the second kind of learning is experiential which is significant. He stated that e xperiential learning is very important as it is backed by a need and whenever an individual has to satisfy a need he may resort to learning. For example: a person is motivated by the need of driving, this motivation will make him learn. Similarities and Differences The main similarity between Skinner’s and Bruner’s theory is that they propose the humans are passive learners and they will not learn until they come in contact with a stimuli (Hitchcock, 2003, p.232). Another similarity between these two theories is that an instructor is required to teach the respondents. The main similarity between Roger’s and Bruner’s theory is that individuals learn by themselves and they do not need a third person to help them learn. Another major similarity between theories provided by Roger’s and Bruner’s theory is that individuals learn first and then they use these learned behaviors. None of the three theorists have emphasized on the age of the learners in their theory, thus they accept that learning can take place at any age. There are several differences between these theories, in case of Skinner’s theory an instructor has to provide an environment for learning and children learn through their experience with rewards and reinforcements while in Bruner’s case the instructor is merely a facilitator who provides the subjects with the opportunities to learn on their own. Skinner’s theories have been tested on animals, while Bruner’s theory has been tested on human beings, thus Bruner’s theory is more applicable to humans. The theory provided by Roger is quite different from the theories of Skinner and Bruner in the sense that Roger believes that learning can not take place without a need, while the other two assert that students are pushed to learn. Application in Nursing All three theories are quite applicable in various scenarios where learning takes place as well in various fields. Nursing staff and officers can even use these theories to manage their day to day activities. Example for Operant Conditioning: A patient insists on not taking medicine and continues to watch television; the nurse turns the television off. The patient gets irritated and wants the television to be turned on; the nurse tells her that if she takes the medicine the television will be turned on, so she quickly takes the medicine. Now whenever the patient insists on not taking her medicine, the nurse staff switches off the television box (Berman, 2008, p.490). Example for Roger’

Police Brutality Among Nigerian Males In Philadelphia Essay Example for Free

Police Brutality Among Nigerian Males In Philadelphia Essay Cultural prejudice is like a virus that is transmitted from human to human and like a parasite eats up a society and its reasoning. These prejudices are reflected in our day to day life. How often we see a white women shying away from young African American male on the street reflecting the basic stereotyped assumptions that we make about others every day. These inevitable behaviors of which most of us are victims remain unresolved because of the unconscious state it has entered. Likewise, people who have been victims of racism in the past develop an extreme judgmental attitude, often labeling a simple act as a racist, failing them to ever see well in others. Marilyn French, a feminist fiction writer, in her work on â€Å"Beyond Power: On Women, Men and Morals (1986),† interprets such bigot behavior as an outcome of a patriarchal world that is lured by power and control over women, children, property, and other men; and subsequently enticed with the idea of superiority using skin color, wealth, religion and ethnicity as its variable. She suggests that the masculine principle is governed by aggressiveness which prevails over the cultural values ascribed to the feminine principle. Quoting from her work, â€Å"World wide patriarchal values and perspectives are so pervasive; many people believe them to be inevitable. Such thinkers believe feminine principle oriented cultures became instinct because of the superiority of Western patriarchy†. She further emphasizes that since western people are oriented in a masculine thought; its end result is anything but cultural prejudice. Further, delving on this theory she suggests that we all are members of the â€Å"in- groups† that offers us a feeling of belongingness and comfort. And all others become members of the â€Å"out-groups†. It is taken as a fact that members of one group will always be antagonist to the members of the other group. Marilyn calls it a â€Å"self justifying dialogue that keeps us from self analysis mixing beliefs with attitudes and values, and morality with ethics† (French, 1985, p. 19). We obediently keep practicing what we have been taught in our lifetime, i. . â€Å"what to think† of those who are members of the opposite group instead of â€Å"how to think† and in turn delaying our judgment about others. Our faculty has stopped responding to a logical reasoning and it has simply turned into a mechanical thought process. Leading all of us to becoming racist, ageist, and ethnocentric in this patriarchal culture. An authoritarian personality clings on to the conventional values of their culture, and refuses at any time the need of self – introspection (Breslin, 1974, p. 51). While delving on this type, Mumia Abu-Jamal stands as a case in point. Mumia Abu – Jamal, a famous radio journalist in Philadelphia was also known as â€Å"the voice of the voiceless†. He used to report on issues concerning police brutality, misconduct and racism on the minority communities and especially, the African American community. In 1981, he became a victim himself of things he always fought against. On December night, 1981, while driving a cab to supplement his income earned through journalism, Abu Jamal drove pass his brother who was being beaten up by the police officer, Daniel Faulkner for traffic violation. Shortly, a gun fire broke out leaving both the police officer and Abu- Jamal injured. Unfortunately, the officer succumbed to his injuries while Abu –Jamal recovered through a surgery. He was trialed for the Officer Daniel Faulkner’s murder case and given a death sentence. However, at the insistence of Philadelphia District Attorney Lynn Abraham, Abu – Jamal is currently not facing the death penalty. This is a typical case of a social conflict between individuals and collectivities. Interpreting Abu – Jamal’s case through Lane Cormick’s work, this situation can be termed as a crisis. The media and many literary discussions have depicted this case as that of prejudice and racial discrimination. Race and ethnicity are hence, seen as the controlling dynamics in this case. Dave Lindorff, an investigative reporter in his book on â€Å" Killing Time: An Investigation Into the Death Row Case of Mumia Abu – Jamal†, stated that at the time of Abu – Jamal’s arrest, the Philadelphia Police Department was indeed the most corrupt enforcement operations in the nation. Hence, the decision made by the United States’ judicial system , awarding death sentence to Abu- Jamal, based on the evidences put forth by the Philadelphia police has been widely criticized and challenged. This decision has been labeled as an outcome of cultural prejudice in a society that stands as an epitome of liberty. The United States’ judicial system has been attributed for its racism and discrimination against defendants of color. Noam Chomsky while reflecting on this case called the U. S. prison system a class and a race war. He further emphasized that Abu – Jamal is just one illustration of what’s called â€Å"social cleansing† in US. Philadelphia police is known for its notoriety. The racist attitude that it thrives on is also not hidden from the public. The killing of a young black man, Bryan Jones on the morning of January 1, 2007 is just one in a million cases reflecting brutality dipped with prejudice and racism practiced by the Philadelphia police. According to the Welcoming Center for new Pennsylvanians, seven percent of Philadelphia’s immigrants come from Africa mainly comprising of Nigerians who form the largest African group in this region. Every now and then, there are cases heard against the Police Department of Philadelphia for ill – treating the Africans. Scholars suggest that off all prejudice, the most critical is the Attitudinal Prejudice reflected (in this case) in the Philadelphia police also explaining the reasons of brutality that’s practiced on these minority races. W. T. Jones in his work on â€Å"Perspectives on ethnicity. New direction for student services†, explains that â€Å"attitudinal prejudice refers to a negative attitude toward a person or group based upon a social comparison process in which the individual’s own group is taken as the positive point of reference. † (Jones, 1972, p. 6). Further, to combat the ‘isms’ requires new value assumptions and new social learning.

C.S. Lewis Book, Mere Christianity :: essays research papers

C.S. Lewis' Book, â€Å"Mere Christianity† C.S. Lewis begins his book, â€Å"Mere Christianity†, by introducing the Law of Right and Wrong or the Laws of Nature. This, however, arises a question. What is the Law of Nature? The Law of Nature is the known difference between right and wrong. That is, mans distinction between what is right and what is wrong. â€Å"This law was called the Law of Nature because people thought that everyone knew it and did not need to be taught it†(18). Lewis relates the law to how we treat others. We treat others the way we want to be treated and if they treat us poorly in return we become agitated and annoyed with them. He states that we become a society of excuses when something goes wrong. He goes on to say that we want to behave in a certain way when in reality we do the opposite of what is right or what is wrong. We are humans and humans have primal instincts. We are all capable of using our instincts to do right or wrong. Lewis uses an example of a drowning man to prove this poi nt. When one sees a man in trouble two desires or instincts kick into play, to save the man or ignore him because the situation at hand could endanger you. However, there in another impulse that says help the man. With this comes a conflict of instincts. Do you run and forget about it or do you jump in and help. Most people will help even if the situation is going to endanger their life. This is just one way of seeing moral law. The right in a situation will mostly always prevail over the wrong. â€Å"Men ought to be unselfish, ought to be fair. Not that men are selfish, nor that they like being unselfish, but they ought to be†(30). We are creatures of habit and logic. Lewis believes that the moral law is not taught to us rather known by us instinctively. He also believes that the law is real. The law is our behaviors in life via good or bad. Lewis states, â€Å"there is something above and beyond the ordinary facts of men’s behavior†(30). This opens Lewis to be lieve that the natural law is both alive and active in mans life today. Lewis goes on to say that the law must be something above mans behavior. He begins to relate this to the creation of the world.

Costs and benefits of migration

The world we are living is very dynamic and exhibits various types of movements for both plants and animals including humans. History insinuates that man practiced considerable movements from one place to another since its first existence. This movement from one locality to another is referred to as migration. Human migration can be classified as permanent or semi-permanent depending on their reasons which maybe voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary migration is generally practiced in search for a â€Å"greener pasture† and satisfaction of one’s preferences.This includes employment, climate, food supply, self development like education, religion and family. Involuntary migration, on the other hand, includes migration due to calamity, political conditions like when in war or in exile, slave trades or human trafficking and ethnic cleansing. (Boyd 2003) Refugees can eventually be immigrants. Based from Human Migration Guide of the National Geographic Society, â€Å"A refuge e is a person who is residing outside the country of his or her origin due to fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.† (2005) . The last quarter of 2005 registered an estimated 8. 4 million of refugees which is lowest since 1980 and still exhibiting a decreasing rate. The decreasing rate of refugee population may be attributed to the resilient solution like voluntary repatriation to their own country. (2005) This is similar to moving voluntarily of the back to their place of origin called return migration and to seasonal migration wherein the immigrants move or migrate only for a period of time for a certain purpose like farm workers.In the figure below, studies showed that young adults comprised the most number of immigrants. This may be attributed to the extent of their activities and complex reasons like employment and self development. Majority of the groups involved in employment and se lf development are that of young adults. Consequently, this results to chain migration in which other family members or defined group join the immigrant. Source: http://www. soc. duke. edu/~pmorgan/lectures/migration/slide6. html Human migration can be further classified to other types.Migration can be 1)internal which is within the country, state or continent or 2)international which crosses boundaries to other country, state or continent. With the development of technology and globalization, international migration continues to increase over the past decades. The figure below shows the growth of international immigrants over the four decades. In 1960, there were 76 million international migrants and increased to 191 million international migrants in 2006. It was noted that a relatively high migration rate is from 1985 to 1990.However, the trend reveals that migration rate is still growing exhibiting the dynamic activities brought about by the complex way of life today. Source: Uni ted Nations World Migrant stock (2005) Notes: The UN Population Division retroactively updates figures of population change, births, and deaths. The net numbers of migrants by five year intervals, which are shown in the above table, are based on the 2004 Revision Population Data and are calculated as follows: Net number of migrants = 5*(Population change – Births + Deaths). Immigrants showed interest in moving to the places that will offer them good living conditions.The United States topped in having the most number of immigrants between 1990 and 2005. Table 1 shows the top ten countries for net immigration. Table 1: Top ten countries for total immigration (2005) Country Net number of immigrants (millions) As percentage of total United States 38. 4 20. 2 Russian Federation 12. 1 6. 4 Germany 10. 1 5. 3 Ukraine 6. 8 3. 6 France 6. 5 3. 4 Saudi Arabia 6. 4 3. 3 Canada 6. 1 3. 2 India 5. 7 3. 0 UK 5. 4 2. 8 Spain 4. 8 2. 5 There are countries which have existing concrete immigr ation policies.The United States, Canada and Australia are examples of traditional countries of immigration which categorize immigrants by place of birth allowing opportunity of comparing some aspects qualitatively and quantitatively. These countries together with Sweden and Israel, welcome immigrants with laws and measures facilitating a long term and permanent settlement though in case of Israel, they choose immigrants based on religion and culture. Socio-Political Costs and Benefits Human migration has taken a major participation in shaping and honing the present status of the population.It allows the diffusion and combination of the structures, cultures, beliefs, ideas, principles, religion, and other traits which results to the modification of each others traits. (2005) Rejection of the integration, however, results to conflict that may cause decline of socio-cultural capital and values. The growing population and influx of immigrants faces debate regarding complex issues. In E urope, there is a growing concern on how the immigrants affect their culture and national identity which comes with common language, heritage and ethnicity.(Cohen 2000) Further queries have been raised whether or not to absorb the immigrants and allow them to participate in their national activities or to allow them to become their citizen without the thorough knowledge of their culture and heritage. During elections, opposition to immigration is always an issue in some countries like Britain, Switzerland, Denmark, Italy and Sweden. (Cohen, 2000) Immigrants in some countries are subjects of distrusts and fear. Opposition to immigrants often claims that immigrants have something to do with crimes and unemployment, if not low-wage jobs.Racial discrimination tends to set in which affects the acceptance of immigrants to the host country and if not properly addressed to by the government will give negative effect to both the immigrants and the host country. Consequently, immigration issu es become the central topic for studies of different researchers and sociologists. There have been clamor that immigrants are linked with social crimes in the host countries. This was contradicted by some researchers who conducted related studies. Based on the studies in Little Village conducted by the Harvard sociologist Robert J.Sampson, having high number of immigrants does not mean high number of crime. Though Little Village is poor, a relatively low incidence of violence is recorded. (Eval Press, 2006) This was further supported by other researchers though commented that the next generations or children of poor immigrants may not be as optimistic as their parents and may have a negative assumption that they will not be given fair chance of making a successful career and self development in the host country. Migrant workers, on the other hand, have to embrace the low wage, high-risk jobs.In the host country, the corporations took advantage of the situation enabling them to lower the wages of the migrant workers. This is in effect resulted to the claim of the opposing party of migration that migrant workers cause the low wages that are prevailing. This coupled with the issue of competition between the migrant workers and the native workers. In July 1, 2003, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Family put into force the human right protection to migrant workers whether documented or undocumented and eliminate exploitations of immigrants.(Addy, p. 22) This protects the migrant workers from the increasing occupational health hazards they are facing despite of low wages and gives them access to trainings that will further develop their skills. (Addy, p. 22) Different countries have their own immigration rules and laws relative to the standing of the country on certain issues. Population control, culture, tariff policies, health concerns, investment policies, agricultural policies are among othe rs which mold the rules and laws of immigration.Implementation of the rules and laws of immigration also considers the relationship with the country of origin of the immigrants. It is also noted the United Nations monitor and influences the countries in making their rules for the benefit of both parties as well as making their own study and recommendations. Though the immigrants and their families experience hard adjustments on each others absence, they are ease of the burden of poverty. The family members can now use the remittances for their needs such as foods, shelter, education, investments and even sophisticated telecommunication gadgets to make the migrant worker nearer.The community as well as the government will be eased by the lowering of unemployment and the cash inflow diminishes poverty-related crimes. However, the government should address the increasing rate of â€Å"brain drain† as migration rate increases. The government should device a process to produce mor e professionals to augment the loss of the skilled and professional workers to migration. Economic costs and benefits Migration does not always coupled with growth unless it was given proper measures and economic restructuring (Appleyard: 1992; Hammar et al.: 1997;Ghosh: 1998). The major reason for migration is considered to be for economic purposes. History showed evidences that the immigrants and their descendants play an important role in the economic growth of the host countries. Developed countries which welcome immigrants become richer and richer. In addition to the openness of the immigrants to all types of work, they can also work under cheap labor that the natives will reject. This allows the old businesses such as textiles and garments to still exist adding to the income of the host country.Migration of skilled workers will further strengthen the skills and talents pool of the country. These enhance their productivity and economical gains. Simultaneous with the gain of bra in and skills of the host country is the loss of the brain and skills of the country of origin which are oftentimes the poor countries or the developing countries. This may bring â€Å"brain drain† or loss of the trained, educated and skilled individuals which will inhibit the development of the native country or country of origin.Dependence to foreign countries will be one of the consequences of this which will post negative effect on productivity and economy of the native country. Some researchers, however, regarded immigration to contribute to economic growth of the native country through the remittances that the immigrants send to their family. These remittances are the major source of foreign exchange in developing countries which alleviate the poverty line. According to the International Migration Data, global remittances to developing countries worldwide are estimated at $204 billion per year.(International migration data) The countries who registered the highest remit tances are Mexico, India, Philippines, Egypt and Morocco. ( International migration data) This enormous value made the home countries considered their emigrants to have the major role in improving its economy. It contributed to the fluidity of cash flow and development of business sectors. Realization of the major participation of emigrants’ remittances made the home government sets priority regarding the welfare of these workers.Researches showed that these remittances tend to be invested to the home country for housing, consumption, land, loan payment and savings and to business which the home government targets. (Addy, p. 16) Their families are well supported in establishing their own business in the country and given other privileges. The increasing value of remittances and the business established are expected to balance the effect of â€Å"brain drain†, the source country is experiencing. Individual, community and macro points of view on migration At the personal level, the immigrant faces a quandary on culture and environment.Furthermore, in the foreign land, he is also vulnerable to racial discrimination, exploitation and deportation. He is forced to embrace whatever is offered to him for a common good. Coping with these adaptations to host country’s norms and practices simultaneous with physically adapting to climate and health conditions requires a great level of energy and determination. Absence of the family members also adds to the burden the immigrant is experiencing. New technologies of communication help in this endeavor which makes it easier to gain emotional stability.Both positive and negative effects do not limit to the individual alone. Whatever happens to the immigrant in the host country will definitely affect his family in the home country. Studies showed that the family is more affected when the migrant worker is a woman for basically she is the homemaker and takes care of the children. Nowadays, there is an increa sing number of migrant women accounting for 48 per cent international migrants. Some effects radiates from the family to the community. The flow of income, for example can be manifested in the economics within the area.This will be radiated further to the home country reducing the poverty. They also contribute to development through investments, business or entrepreneurial activities and the return of newly developed skills and knowledge. The community of the host country, on the other hand, may initially be skeptical of accepting the immigrant. On their point of view, the immigrants can change and influence their economy and other values. A community which does not allow immigrants may be giving up the values, education, perhaps specialization and other benefits brought by the immigrants.What are the consequences of migration? The complexity of migration brings benefits and costs to both receiving (host) countries and the sending country (place of origin), and the immigrants and th e natives. Every country or state deals immigration as a sensitive matter and observe certain laws and measures on immigration to provide more benefits to the majority. Integration of cultures, beliefs, skills, education and values are most likely to happen which is the gauge for the acceptance of the migrants.Migration produces both positive and negative effects for both the host country and home country and the immigrant and the natives. It is however aimed to be beneficial to the majority by implementing proper rules and laws regarding migration. Migration may weaken the home country of the migrants due to â€Å"brain drain† however, migration also alleviates the poverty during the period of their remittances. Unemployment will also decrease which will eventually diminish also the poverty related crimes. Successful emigrants invite and encourage others to join them.This results to chain immigration which doubles the rate of â€Å"brain drain†. This calls for the gov ernment to take a double time to produce skilled and professionals to compensate the loss due to emigration. Host countries enjoy cheap labor and high productivity because of migrant workers. They are able to fill up the jobs rejected by the natives for a lower wage. This, in effect, further boosts their economy as they enhance their pool of skills and talents. In some developed countries, immigrants undergo strict screening for security and health reasons.Closing the doors for immigrants may sometimes result to illegal options which may not be a positive factor to both the host country and the immigrants. Developed countries with immigration policies tend to win the good relationship with the source countries and serves as a key to further trades. Hence, migrants can be considered as agents for development who strengthens the cooperation between the host and home countries. Is migration overall beneficial? After thorough analysis, migration can be assessed to give all around benefi cial effects both to the host and home countries.This was further supported by a newly-released United Nations study which finds that international migration benefits not only the migrants and their family but also the host and home countries. This was disclosed by U. N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan in his speech to the 16th General Assembly, 88th meeting. He further commented that the study showed that some source countries like Malaysia and Thailand exhibits a significant economic growth making them attractive to the present migrants. In this era of globalization, migration will face new challenges and objectives.The benefits that the host countries and the home countries gain will optimistically double as the modern technology supports. Proper management of migration programs will alleviate problems of the increasing immigrant population which will add to the productivity and economic growth of the host countries. Productive migrants sending remittances to the home countries acce lerate poverty reduction and consequently gaining economic stability. REFERENCES: Addy, David, Wijkstrom, Boris and Thouez, Colleen. Migrant Remittances – Country of Origin Experience. International Migration Policy Programme.London. October 10 2003 Appleyard, R. T. : 1992, International Migration and Development: An Unresolved Relationship, in: International Migration, vol. 30, no. 3-4, pp. 251-266. Boyd, M. a. G. , Elizabeth. . (2003). â€Å"Women and Migration: Incorporating Gender into International Migration Theory † March 1 2003. Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www. migrationinformation. org/Feature/display. cfm? id=106 Cohen, R. (2000). â€Å"Papers Please; Europe's Love-Hate Affair With Foreigners† New York Times. New York. Rozeff, M. S. (2005). â€Å"Communities, Immigration, and Decentralization. † Retrieved March 3, 2007, from http://www. lewrockwell. com/rozeff/rozeff51. html.

The characters in Aeschylus’ Agamemnon create only fear and no pity in each other and in the audience

I agree with this statement to a certain extent, however, I think it does not represent the whole of the Agamemnon. I think that what invokes pity, are events, rather than characters, that have preceded the play. There are mixes of passive and fearsome characters in the Agamemnon. Clytemnestra and Aegisthus are an example of fearsome characters, when she kills Agamemnon and Cassandra, and he threatens the chorus near the end of the play. The chorus are relatively passive throughout the play until aggressive actions towards Aegisthus at the end.The first idea of fear that does appear in the play is with the prologue of the play with the watchman; â€Å"Whenever I find myself shifting my bed about at night, wet with dew, unvisited by dreams because fear instead of sleep stands at my side to stop my eyes closing fast in slumber†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (l. 13) This is immediately demonstrative of the fear that his mistress, Clytemnestra, instils in him. It affects the watchman so much so, that hi s fear stops his â€Å"eyes closing fast.†This is the first indicator in the play that Clytemnestra is stepping into her role as the ‘Iron Lady’ of Greece. We know that she has set up a type of communication which allows her to know whether or not the Greeks have beat the Trojans, and whether or not their coming back. This gives her time to prepare her trap. I think for this reason, she probably emphasised the importance of the watchman’s role, and the punishment that would be inflicted should he fail his task.The chorus also demonstrate fear â€Å"There were times I thought I’d faint with longing [for the Greek armies to return]† â€Å"I have long had silence as my medicine against harm l. 539. † This is not implicit as to who will â€Å"harm† them if they ever break their silence, but they are obviously trying to hide something from the herald and the â€Å"kings† that have returned. The dramatic irony in this play also shows how the audience and the chorus know something that the herald and the kings do not know.It seems like Clytemnestra has secured their silence, to make sure that the men returning home do not know about the doom that awaits their King Agamemnon. An abstract idea of fear that is presented by Aeschylus is through Clytemnestra, by demonstrating the potency of fear, and how it can make people do things that they would not otherwise do. She makes Agamemnon step on the purple fabric through her.

Free Essays on Analysis - Scarlet Letter

The scarlet letter is meant to be a symbol of Hester Prynne’s shame. Instead, however, it is used to identify who Hester really is. Throughout the story the meaning of the letter â€Å"A† changes; at the beginning of the story it is used to mark Hester as an adulterer. In the middle of the story the letter stands for â€Å"Able†. And at the end of the story it becomes indeterminate. Overall the letter is used as a reminder to Hester’s sin and her as a result of it. There are times throughout the story that people cannot even recall what the letter stands for. Many people who are new to the area, or even have aged, do not know and have no idea about the sin that Hester committed. Even after the society makes a big deal about Hester wearing the letter after so long it doesn’t really matter. There are times when Hester tries to forget about it and Pearl reminds her that it’s there and that it’s always going to be there. At times the letter seems insignificant. For instance, when comparing the letter to Pearl. Pearl is a much stronger symbol of the sin that occurred. Pearl is a symbol of God while the Scarlet letter is a symbol of the society. It just goes to show how the society depends on the punishment and the reminder of the sin. In a society such as this it is impossible for someone to move on with their life after an incident such as Hester’s. Even her own daughter refuses to let her forget the mistakes she made, let alone the letter that is worn upon her bosom.... Free Essays on Analysis - Scarlet Letter Free Essays on Analysis - Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is meant to be a symbol of Hester Prynne’s shame. Instead, however, it is used to identify who Hester really is. Throughout the story the meaning of the letter â€Å"A† changes; at the beginning of the story it is used to mark Hester as an adulterer. In the middle of the story the letter stands for â€Å"Able†. And at the end of the story it becomes indeterminate. Overall the letter is used as a reminder to Hester’s sin and her as a result of it. There are times throughout the story that people cannot even recall what the letter stands for. Many people who are new to the area, or even have aged, do not know and have no idea about the sin that Hester committed. Even after the society makes a big deal about Hester wearing the letter after so long it doesn’t really matter. There are times when Hester tries to forget about it and Pearl reminds her that it’s there and that it’s always going to be there. At times the letter seems insignificant. For instance, when comparing the letter to Pearl. Pearl is a much stronger symbol of the sin that occurred. Pearl is a symbol of God while the Scarlet letter is a symbol of the society. It just goes to show how the society depends on the punishment and the reminder of the sin. In a society such as this it is impossible for someone to move on with their life after an incident such as Hester’s. Even her own daughter refuses to let her forget the mistakes she made, let alone the letter that is worn upon her bosom....

Definitions and Examples of Tapinosis

Definitions and Examples of Tapinosis Tapinosis is a  rhetorical term for name-calling: undignified language that debases a person or thing. Tapinosis is a kind of meiosis. Also called  abbaser, humiliatio, and depreciation. In The Arte of English Poesie (1589), George Puttenham observed that the  vice of tapinosis might be an unintentional figure of speech: If you abase your thing or matter by ignorance or error in your choice of your word, then is it by vicious manner of speech called ​tapinosis. More commonly, however,  tapinosis is  regarded as a deliberate use of a base word to diminish the dignity of a person or thing (Sister Miriam Joseph in  Shakespeares Use of the Arts of Language, 1947).In a broader sense, tapinosis has been likened to understatement and humiliation: the low presentation of something great, contrary to its dignity, as  Catherine M. Chin defines the term in  Grammar and Christianity in the Late Roman World  (2008).  Ã‚   See Examples and Observations below. Also see: CursingFlytingHow to Rant: Bernard Levins All-Purpose InvectiveInvectivePejorative LanguageSnarkSwear Word EtymologyFrom the Greek, reduction, humiliation Examples and Observations Phillips: We play on a real diamond, Porter. You ain’t good enough to lick the dirt off our cleats.Porter: Watch it, jerk!Phillips: Shut up, idiot!Porter: Moron!Phillips: Scab eater!Porter: Butt sniffer!Phillips: Pus licker!Porter: Fart smeller!Phillips: You eat dog crap for breakfast, geek!Porter: You mix your Wheaties with your mama’s toe jam!Phillips: You bob for apples in the toilet and you like it!Porter: YOU PLAY BALL LIKE A GIRL!(from the movie The Sandlot, 1993)Listen up, maggots. You are not special. You are not a beautiful or unique snowflake. Youre the same decaying organic matter as everything else.(Brad Pitt as  Tyler Durden in the film Fight Club, 1999)Yes, you squashed cabbage-leaf, you disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns, you incarnate insult to the English language! I could pass you off as the Queen of Sheba!(Henry Higgins addressing Eliza Doolittle in George Bernard Shaws Pygmalion, 1912)Draw, you whoreson cullionly barber-monger, dra w.(Kent addressing Oswald in William Shakespeares King Lear, II.2) - I was going to have a few comments about John Edwards, but you have to go into rehab if you use the word faggot.(Ann Coulter speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference, March 5, 2007)- Ann Coulter, maniacal, money hungry, far right-wing nut burger, has called John Edwards a faggot.(abillingss journal, March 6, 2007)Charlie Kaufman. Oy vay. I have hated every incomprehensible bucket of pretentious, idiot swill ever written by this cinematic drawbridge troll.(Rex Reed, Could Synecdoche, New York Be the Worst Movie Ever? Yes! The New York Observer, October 27, 2008)Hope not for mind in women; at their bestSweetest and wit, they are but Mummy, posessed.(John Donne, Loves Alchemy)Patient: Dr. Chase said my calcium is normal.Dr. House: We call him Dr. Idiot.(Informed Consent, House, M.D.)There are cretins, there are cowards, there are rats who walk like men. And then there is Larry Patterson Jr.(Leonard Pitts, The Lowest of the Low, February  22, 2008) John Synges CurseIrish poet and playwright John Synge addressed this poem to a sister of an enemy of the author’s who disapproved of [his play] The Playboy [of the Western World].Lord, confound this surly sister,Blight her brow with blotch and blister,Cramp her larynx, lung, and liver,In her guts a galling give her.Let her live to earn her dinnersIn Mountjoy with seedy sinners:Lord, this judgment quickly bring,And Im your servant, J. M. Synge.(John Synge, The Curse, 1907) Pronunciation: tap-ah-NO-sis

Constructing Pro-Forma Statements (Heartland Express) Term Paper

Constructing Pro-Forma Statements (Heartland Express) - Term Paper Example e income taxes 53,264 26,833 13,617 26,833 Federal and state income taxes 9,350 9,350 9,350 9,350 Net income 43,914 17,483 4,267 17,483 FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS THROUGH RATIO ANALYSIS A method widely used by the investors and analyst in order to evaluate and analyze the financial history of the company is the ‘Ratio Analysis’. Ratio analysis is a very accurate and reliable tool when it comes to analyzing the financial outlook of an entity. The primary reason to conduct a ratio analysis is to quantify the results of the operations of a company and compare them with that of the prior year(s) in order to assess different aspects of the financial feasibility. The ratios can be divided into various categories such as profitability, gearing and liquidity, each focusing on a different area of the financial outlook of the organization and highlighting the company’s performance. The financial analysis of Heartland Express is divided into three main categorize namely Pr ofitability, Liquidity and Gearing. Profitability Ratios    2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006    Profitability Ratios Gross profit margin 20.16% 18.31% 17.18% 15.66% 18.66% 21.58% Net profit margin 20.30% 18.59% 17.69% 17.12% 20.40% 23.63% ROCE 31.50% 27.79% 22.11% 29.74% 35.22% 27.30% EPS 0.78 0.69% 0.62 0.73 0.78 0.89 Gross profit margin is an analyzing tool which assists in identifying how effectively and efficiently the company is utilizing its raw materials [1], variable cost related to labor and fixed costs such as rent and depreciation of property plant and equipment. The gross profit margin analysis of the last five years shows that subsequent to the financial year 2006, the gross profit margin declines. Though the sales of the company kept on increasing subsequent to the financial year 2006, but the... The liquidity ratio measures the company’s ability to pay its short-term liabilities. The ratio illustrates that how quickly a company can convert its assets into cash and cash equivalent in order to pay off its short-term liabilities. The most commonly used liquidity ratio, the current ratio, which is calculated by comparing the current assets and current liabilities. The strengthened the current ratio the more ability the company has to pay its debts and short-term obligations over the next 12 months. An overall analysis of the ratio would portray that in all the years the company had enough assets to pay off its obligations and debts. In the financial year 2007, the current ratio decreases from 3.35 to 2.91 due to the decrease in the current assets of the company by a staggering 32% which majorly pertains to the decrease in the short term investment from 322 million to 186 million. The cause of the decrease in the current ratio for the financial year 2008 also pertains to t he massive decrease in the short term investment. The reason for this decline is during that particular period, the equity shares market was going through its worst time. The companies rather than recording losses on market to market of these securities started selling these securities in the stock market. The acid test, which is also regarded as the quick ratio, is calculated by subtracting the inventory balance from the total current assert balance. Out of the current assets mentioned, inventories are regarded as the one which takes comparatively more time to be converted into cash or cash equivalent. The acid test ratio has followed the same trend as the current ratio.

The iPhone Phenomenon Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The iPhone Phenomenon - Research Paper Example This product continues to best itself. These are some factors that make this a remarkable product to not only invest in but endorse for the future. Corresponding Benefits Professionals Ability to keep in touch while on the move Document information while on the move with note taker and recorders Communicating by E-mail, instant messaging, and phone Students Style and individuality through the looks of the phone Complete many tasks without carrying several gadgets Keeps them connected to music, entertainment as well as organize your time with your own personal assistant. It’saniPod, phone, video; TV shows internet, and PDA Personal Better and faster connection to internet. Mobil Navigation Mobil Social connections; Facebook, Twitter, etc. Great multifunctional cameras; HD video and photo cameras. Marketing miX Product: The product has following features 4 inch large screen. High definition camera. iOS 6. Unintentional damage security. Hardware repair coverage. Weight is 112 gm only. LTE wireless technology, A6 chip. Price: Skimming pricing strategy. Premium pricing strategy. The pricing strategy of iPhone 5 by Apple Inc includes the flexibility to lower the prices if consumer response dictates such actions. Place: Apple places the iPhone 5 in worldwide stores by online stores, retails stores, direct sales and through third parties. Apple has divided its global market for iPhone 5 in too many different divisions includes: South America, North America, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Japan. Apple has more than 350 stores in thirteen countries worldwide. Promotion: In promoting iPhone 5, Apple has focused on offering innovative features and services to gain the customer loyalty. Apple has marketed iPhone 5 with the emotional and rational appeal. It connected iPhone 5 in the advertisements with people life style, imagination, innovation, passion, liberation dreams and ambitions. Environmental scan: (PESTC) Political: Apple’s iPhone 5 is selling all ove r the world so it is facing several issues that are beyond the company control i.e. political uncertainties, war against terrorism and sanctions on different countries. Political instability is affecting badly on the sales of iPhone 5 in different parts of the world. Economical: The inflation in different economies has influenced the sales of iPhone 5.Last year the high unemployment rate in USA and Europe may have affected sales of Apple products. However at the same time the economy was boosted by the sale of the iPhone. It sold over 5 million since its launch. It was predicted in 2012 that the economy would be boosted by .05 in 4th quarter. (Rush, Dominic, theguardian.com; 2012) Social: European countries and some parts of Canada which are large markets of Apple products are actually facing some health concerns because of the excessive use of iPhone 5 by the users. It is reported that improper use of Apple products may lead to hearing power of users. Technological: The advancement s and revolutions in technology are inventing day by day. It is the biggest challenge for Apple to maintain its competitive advantage of innovation. Every year there is the â€Å"next big thing,† (Android), that comes out and each year they look to not only the competitors but also themselves. Even Now there is talk of the newest iPhone (iPhone 5s) being announced in September. This one is not only technically advanced with the new operating system, but it is also going to be affordable phones available. (Stern, Joanna; ABC News, August 11) Competition: The main two

Ethels Chocolate Lounges Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Ethels Chocolate Lounges - Assignment Example The product line of gourmet chocolate comes at an expensive price to compete with multinationals in the industry such as Starbucks. Ethel’s Chocolate Lounge relies on limited decision making to influence the clients. Clients that engage in limited decision-making have a low level of involvement and do not engage in searching for alternative products and brands. The search for similar items will base the decision on similar ingredients when items are on sale or a prior experience on some of the item the consumer needed to purchase. Mars Corporation focuses on advantage routine response behavior frequent purchases by consumers’ exhibits routine response behavior. Some of the factors that can motivate the consumers to make a purchase at Ethel’s Chocolate include an advertisement with a desirable destination. A specific culture will move to various styles of chocolates to enjoy the taste-making of Ethel’s Chocolate. Some of the psychological factors that suit the consumers' needs include beliefs, perception, and attitudes. An upscale modern style will match with the popular culture of classy feel. The store has a modern look with an appeal of relaxing ambiance that encourages socialization to extend lounging.

Science Neutralizing Lakes Essay Example for Free

Science Neutralizing Lakes Essay Part 1 – Design a strategy for neutralizing Fish Lake What do I know? (What do I remember about the neutralization reaction) Neutralization is when an acid and base are mixed together to me an ionic compound or which are 7 on the pH scale or pure water, it is also when a base and acid are mixed to make it in a neutral state. What am I wondering? (What are your rough ideas to fix an acidified lake?) I will be finding a base that will work the most effective way, also I will find a base that can fix a large amount of acidified lake water with a base that can neutralize it with less then the acidified lake water, I will also look for a base that can make sulfuric acid neutral As a class we got options to what we will conduct this experiment with the base I choose is Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and for the indicator to show that this will make it neutral is the Universal Indictor I choose that indicator because it has a wide color spectrum when being neutralized. Predictions How much base do you think do you think it will take to neutralize 5mL of acidified lake water? Why? I believe that it will take a little less then 5mL to neutralize it because it will rapidly dissolve and neutralize it. I also know because sodium hydroxide is very responsive once added it will take effect. Balanced Chemical Formula for Sodium hydroxide and Sulfuric Acid (Acidic Lake water) NaOH + H2SO4 - NaHSO4 + H2O How will you know when you have added the correct amount of base and why? I will be using the universal indicator when first added it will first be red, orange, and yellow thus meaning it’s an acid. I will know when it’s fully neutralized when it turns green, blue, and violet. I choose this indicator because it has a wide spectrum of colors, which can help me indicate if I have added the right amount of base. Experimental Set-up and procedure 1. First get all safety equipment needed (safety goggles, and glasses) 2. Receive a test tube 3. Add about 10 drops of acidified lake water to the test tube (10 drops = 5mL) 4. Receive your Indictor (universal indictor) 5. Add about 2 drops of the universal indictor to the acidified lake water 6. Acidified lake water turned orange which meant it was a acid 7. Then I received sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8. I filled a dropper with NaOH 9. I dropped NaOH into the acidified lake water I seen drastic changes right away with the indictor it started to change right away 10. I added NaOH to the acidified lake water until the indictor turned into a color which was recognized as a base or neutral 11. It took about 9 drops which is less then 5mL to fully neutralize the acid in the water 12. I then recorded all my data to a piece of paper to keep for future references 13. At the end of this experiment I also conducted a next one all the previous steps above were followed but the base was changed to get a comparison 14. To complete my second experiment I used calcium carbonate (CaCo3) 15. I followed previous steps above 16. I added calcium carbonate (CaCo3) to the acidified lake water 17. It took about 15 – 20 drops of (Caco3) to neutralize the acid from the water 18. At the end of these experiments all equipment that I used was cleaned up and stored away to its proper location Record Lake water Acid | Indicator | Base | Observations| What volume of acidic lake water did you neutralize ?I used 10 drops of acidic lake water which is = to 5mL.| What indictor did you choose?Universal indicator I choose that because there is a wide color spectrum so you will see the neutralization when it’s happening.| What base did you choose?I choose sodium hydroxide because it can get the job done and rapidly neutralize acidic water. | How much base was needed to neutralize the acid? What else did you observe?It took about 9 drops of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which is less then 5mL, I also noticed when adding NaOH the water started to neutralize right away you were able to see the indictor turning purple due to the fact that it was turning into a base.| Reflect Make conclusion by referring to your predictions from step 1. Did your data support these predictions? Why or why not? If not how has your thinking changed? My predictions were correct, my data did support these predictions I say that because when I conducted this experiment I did in fact use less then 5mL I used 9 drops of sodium hydroxide, which is about 4.8 mL. when I conducted this experiment I did have a worry it might be over 5mL because I was not sure my research prior to this lab. I also did know I added the right amount of indicator because when conducting this lab/experiment the indictor turned fully purple thus meaning it was neutralized. When using the universal indicator it has a wide color spectrum, which means it has different colors. When it’s an acid the color will be red, orange, and yellow. When it’s a base it will be green, blue, and violet. MSDS I kept this in mind when using these chemicals in this experiment In large amounts of NaOH is very harmful to human health also other life, I did keep that in mind but I did further research, when I did my research it did state when adding small amounts gradually it will dissolve with out a problem when adding large amounts will cause a problem to wild life and also human life. Small amounts will dissolve over time then add in more once dissolved. Suggest one way in which you could improve your experimental procedure. One way I could of improved in this experimental procedure is to get different bases to get a different observation, which will be a better base. It will be more effective because we have a wider range of bases, which could lead to better solutions.